2024/10/21
Jason Juang
（本篇以英文寫成，中文版如後）
As global efforts to mitigate the impacts of climate change continue, the 16th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP16) is set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of biodiversity conservation worldwide. Taking place in Cali, Colombia, from October 21st to November 1st, this conference marks the first implementation COP following the landmark Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) launched in 2022.
CBD COP 16 opening ceremony CBD COP 16開幕式 (source: Delta Foundation) The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), established in 1992, is a global treaty aimed at conserving biological diversity, promoting the sustainable use of natural resources, and ensuring fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. Every two years, parties to the convention gather at the COP to review progress, set new goals, and negotiate strategies to protect the planet's biodiversity.
This year, COP 16, being the first implementation-focused conference since the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, is particularly significant. The framework, finalized at COP 15, set ambitious targets, including protecting 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030 and halting human-induced extinctions. Now, the focus will shift to how countries have planned and made efforts to meet these targets, with the conference serving as a platform to assess and reinforce national commitments as well as bring together stakeholders from local communities, multinational corporations, and government dignitaries.
1. The First Implementation COP: A Test of National Biodiversity Strategies
After the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework , nations will revise and submit detailed National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), outlining how they intend to achieve the targets agreed upon in COP 15. Since the conference, almost 200 countries have agreed to submit plans but according to Carbon Brief, as of October 9th 2024, only 21 plans have been submitted. These plans will be reviewed, and countries are expected to show progress towards key goals like the 30x30 target, which aims to protect 30% of the world's ecosystems. The success of COP 16 will depend largely on how nations demonstrate accountability and ambition in these strategies, setting a precedent for future biodiversity conservation efforts.
2. The Significance of Cali, Colombia: A Global Biodiversity Hotspot
Cali, Colombia, the host city for COP 16, is not just a symbolic choice but a strategic one. Colombia is the world's second most biodiverse country after Brazil, with ecosystems ranging from tropical rainforests to coral reefs. Hosting the conference in such a biologically rich region underscores the urgency of preserving these ecosystems as well as strengthening Colombia's commitment to biodiversity on the global stage. Colombia's location within the makes it crucial to global conservation efforts, serving as an example of the challenges and opportunities facing biodiversity-rich nations.
3. Focus on Coral and Marine Biodiversity
A critical focus area for CBD COP 16 will be the protection of marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, which are facing unprecedented threats from climate change and ocean acidification. With coral reefs supporting approximately 25% of marine life, their decline has far-reaching consequences for global biodiversity. Many stakeholders from academia, private, and public sectors will convene to discuss how 30x30 targets can be reached. As part of the broader marine conservation agenda, further discussions will center on how to strengthen marine protected areas (MPAs) and enhance resilience through restoration efforts like coral nurseries and cultivation. Protecting marine biodiversity is essential for ensuring the livelihoods of millions who rely on healthy oceans for food and economic security.
There is a coral pavilion at the venue 會場有珊瑚展館 (source: Delta Foundation)
4. Emphasis on Indigenous Voices and Knowledge
In recent years, the role of Indigenous communities in biodiversity conservation has gained international recognition, and CBD COP 16 will emphasize the importance of integrating Indigenous knowledge and leadership in conservation efforts by actively integrating indigenous communities into negotiations. This year, the CBD will host the first and the largest Green Zone, a conference used public space used for knowledge exchange, in the history of the convention for representatives of all subject areas including Indigenous voices. Indigenous peoples, who manage over a quarter of the world's land, have a deep understanding of ecosystems and have traditionally protected biodiversity through sustainable practices. COP 16 will provide a platform for these leaders to share their insights and contribute to global biodiversity strategies.
5. Delta Electronics Foundation and Taiwan's Unique Position in Global Biodiversity Conservation
Although not a signatory to the CBD, Taiwan plays a crucial role in global biodiversity conservation, particularly in marine ecosystems. As an official observer, Delta Electronics Foundation will present at two side events within the Blue Zone of CBD COP 16 to help educate policy makers, industry leaders, and the global community on Delta's work with coral restoration and conservation. Taiwan's efforts to align with international biodiversity standards, especially in coral and marine biodiversity conservation, highlight its commitment to global environmental sustainability. COP 16 presents an opportunity to highlight important contributions and explore pathways for broader inclusion in global biodiversity efforts.
CBD COP 16 will serve as an important evaluator for how seriously countries take their biodiversity commitments and whether the international community can agree on effective solutions to combat the ongoing biodiversity crisis. With the involvement of diverse stakeholders, from Indigenous groups to leading marine biologists, COP 16 has the potential to align the standards of global biodiversity for the future and ensure the world remains on track to meet the ambitious targets set for 2030 and beyond.
隨著全球減碳工作持續進行，第十六屆《生物多樣性公約》締約方大會（CBD COP 16）將決定全球生物多樣性保育的未來。這次會議於 10 月 21 日至 11 月 1 日在哥倫比亞卡利舉行，是繼 2022 年通過具有里程碑意義的《昆明-蒙特婁全球生物多樣性綱要》 (KMGBF) 後的首場締約方會議。
成立於1992年的《生物多樣性公約》（CBD）是一項全球條約，旨在保護生物多樣性，促進自然資源的永續利用，並確保公平公正地分享利用遺傳資源所產生的益處。締約方們每兩年召開一次締約方大會，審查進展、設定新目標並協商保護生物多樣性的策略。
CBD COP 16是繼《昆明-蒙特婁全球生物多樣性綱要》以來首次以導入為重點的會議，意義尤其重大。該綱要在第 15 屆締約方會議上敲定，設下了極具雄心的目標，包括在 2030 年前保護世界 30% 的陸地和海洋，並制止人為造成的物種滅絕。現在，重點將轉向各國如何規劃和努力實現這些目標，會議將聚集在地社群、跨國公司、各國政要等利害關係人，評估和確保各國實現承諾。
1. 第一次「實施」締約方大會：國家生物多樣性策略的考驗
《昆明-蒙特婁全球生物多樣性綱要》通過之後，各國將滾動修正並提交《國家生物多樣性策略及行動計畫》(NBSAPs)，概述它們打算如何實現 COP 15 中商定的目標。 根據Carbon Brief的報導，截至10月9日，僅21國提交計畫。生物多樣性公約秘書處將審查這些計畫，藉此了解各國在實踐關鍵目標的進展，例如旨在保護世界 30%生態系統的30x30保育目標。CBD COP 16要能成功，主要取決於各國如何在這些目標中展現責任感和野心，為未來的生物多樣性保育工作樹立先例。
2. 哥倫比亞卡利的重要性：全球生物多樣性熱點
哥倫比亞卡利作為CBD COP 16的主辦城市，不僅是一個象徵性的選擇，更是一個策略性的選擇。哥倫比亞是僅次於巴西、生物多樣性豐度世界第二高國家，擁有從熱帶雨林到珊瑚礁的生態系統。在這樣一個生物豐富的地區舉辦會議，強調了保護這些生態系統的緊急性以及強化哥倫比亞在全球舞台上對生物多樣性承諾。哥倫比亞位於安第斯山脈-亞馬遜地區，對全球保育工作至關重要，是生物多樣性豐富的國家面臨挑戰和機會的一個例子。
3. 聚焦珊瑚和海洋生物多樣性
第十六屆締約方會議上其中一項關鍵重點將是保護海洋生態系，特別是珊瑚礁，它們正面臨氣候變遷和海洋酸化帶來的前所未有的威脅。珊瑚礁支持著約 25% 的海洋生物，其衰退對全球生物多樣性造成深遠的影響。來自學術界、私營和公共部門的等利害關係人將齊聚一堂，討論如何實現 30x30 目標。作為更廣泛的海洋保護議程的一部分，進一步的討論將集中在如何加強海洋保護區（MPA）並透過珊瑚苗圃和培育等恢復工作增強復原力。保護海洋生物多樣性，對於確保數百萬依賴健康海洋獲取糧食和經濟安全的人的生計至關重要。
4. 重視原住民的聲音與肯認傳統生態智慧
近年來，原住民社群在生物多樣性保育中的角色獲得國際肯認，CBD COP 16 將透過積極將原住民社群納入談判，強調原住民傳統生態智慧和領導力對生物多樣性保育工作的重要性。今年，生物多樣性締約方大會規劃史上第一次且也是最大的綠區會議，該會議利用公共空間進行知識交流，為包括原住民聲音在內的所有主題領域的代表提供會議機會。原住民管理著世界上四分之一以上的土地，他們對生態系統有著深刻的了解，並且透過傳統生態智慧來保護生物多樣性。本屆大會將是瞭解這些生物多樣性領袖們智慧與貢獻的時機。
5. 台達基金會與台灣在全球生物多樣性保育中的獨特地位
台灣雖然不是《生物多樣性公約》的締約國，但在全球生物多樣性保育中扮演至關重要的角色，特別是在海洋生態系方面。作為官方觀察員，台達基金會將出席 CBD COP 16 藍區內的兩場周邊會議，幫助政策制定者、業界領袖和國際社會了解台達在珊瑚復育和保育方面的工作。台灣努力接軌國際生物多樣性標準，特別是在珊瑚和海洋生物多樣性保育方面，突顯了其對全球環境永續的承諾。 COP16 提供了一個機會來強調重要貢獻並探索參與全球生物多樣性工作的其他途徑。
本屆大會將會是評估各國如何認真看待其生物多樣性承諾的重要時刻，以及國際社會是否能夠在有效解決方案達成共識，以因應當前的生物多樣性危機。在從原住民族到領先海洋生物學家等不同利害關係人的參與下，CBD COP 16有可能調整未來全球生物多樣性的標準，並確保世界繼續走上實現2030 年及以後的宏偉目標的軌道。
Works Cited 參考資料
Convention on Biological Diversity. "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework." CBD.int, 2022.
UNEP. "COP 15: A Historic Agreement for Nature." UN Environment Programme, December 2022.
Indigenous Environmental Network. "The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Biodiversity Conservation." IEN.org, 2023.
Coral Triangle Initiative. "Coral Reef Biodiversity and Conservation." CoralTriangleInitiative.org, 2024.
Government of Colombia. "Biodiversity in Colombia: Global Importance and Conservation." Colombia.co, 2023.
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